Bienfaisance -- Fürsorgliches Handeln

1) Beneficence refers to the ethical obligation to maximize benefits and to minimize harms.

CIOMS, International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects, Geneva 2002, General ethical principles

2) Literally, ‘doing good’. Physicians are expected to act in the best interests of their patients.

World Medical Association, Medical Ethics Manual, Ferney-Voltaire, WMA, 2nd ed., 2009, Appendix A, Glossary